Should The Media Continue Using Gender Roles As...

Should the media continue using gender roles as advertisement? How exactly are we impacted by it? It’s a question of matter because both genders not paying attention on what the media does but pays attention to when it comes to comparing both sexes. People don’t really care what a commercial is trying to sell or even the specific people being used. Usually it’s the feminist that see the little things in life when it comes to women. Personally, if a commercial is strong and can actually sell the item they should continue to use their secret by using the specifics as targets. A lot of people argue saying women are used as objects but if you think about it they are the ones that said yes to the money they would get offered. As American commercials they are offered to speak their mind, if the item sells then continue. Mainly for whom it effects are the ones fighting for equality in genders. Since 1405 Christine de Pizan wrote The Book of the City of Ladies wh ere she wrote about the oppression of women founded on irrational prejudice. Using the line, â€Å" If she wants to act prudently and have the praise of both the world and her husband she will be cheerful to him all the time.† It has been mainly the women fighting not the men because they have always felt dominant. Before the women couldn’t really do anything but be house wives and be good to their husbands while the men were out. Even too this date a lot of girls in foreign countries aren’t getting an educationShow MoreRelatedThe Media Is A Mirror Of Society, And If That Society Is1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe media is a mirror of society, and if that society is by any means influenced by stereotypes, the media will reflect it. Advertising, according to Erving Goffman, author of the book Gender Advertising, depicts how men and women behave as a social purpose and how today’s social purpose is highly unbalanced in men’s favor. Some people say that advertisers should be held accountable for the unethical images they present. Others, however, say that consumers should be to blame because by buying theRead MoreBrainwashing Youth : How Advertising Influences Children On Gender Images1496 Words   |  6 Pages Brainwashing Youth: How Advertising Influences Children on Gender Images For advertising companies, the topic of advertising to children is one that is very controversial and could lead to a lot of debate on whether it is even ethical to do so. None the less advertisements continue to be aired and targeted towards a particularly vulnerable group: children. At a young age it is a critical time for children. They are not only developing their mental and physical capabilities, but they are also developingRead MoreGender And The Media By Rosalind Gill1596 Words   |  7 PagesBook Review of Gender and the Media by Rosalind Gill Gender and the Media by Rosalind Gill addresses gender stereotypes that are brought onto women and men through the media resulting in objectification and subjectification. Gill discusses how the representation of gender is altered as a result of the media in Western societies. Gender and the Media is aimed to address the rapid transmission of media and how those changes affect the construction of feminine and masculine gender roles in society. GillRead MoreSexism Within Advertising : A New Era Of Social Justice1397 Words   |  6 PagesSexism within Advertisements As a whole, this society has greatly improved, with new cures to old diseases, more efficient ways to complete daily tasks, and new technology with information at our fingertips. Along with these newfound practices, humanity has also given rise to a new era of social justice. Humans everywhere are working everyday to ensure everyone is treated with equality and respect. Nevertheless, humanity still has a long way to go. The mission will not be complete until there isRead MoreSocial Medi The End Of Gender1310 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media: The End of Gender Maurice Brigham brighamm1966@faytechcc.edu Paper Submitted as Fulfillment of the Requirements for COM 231: Interpersonal Communication Fayetteville Technical Community College 09 May 2016 â€Æ' Abstract Social media has often been referred to as a social institution capable of influencing worldwide audiences through the shaping of gender norms. Gender identity is no longer decided at birth, but whenever culture and social conditions dictate. â€Å"Social media, theRead More A Look Inside a Woman’s World Essay example1156 Words   |  5 PagesHumans are undeniably trained and wired to judge others based on race, gender, and appearance. Unfortunately, women are stuck in all categories of judgments. Jean Kilbourne, an award-winning producer on documentaries about images of women in ads, explains that when media and advertisements exploit femininity for personal gain, women are at risk for much harm because it promotes objectification, which eventually will led to violence. An African American feminist, Joan Morgan, expresses her furtherRead MoreAdvertising Advertisements And Body Image1645 Words   |  7 Pagesby the EASA Board in 2009, is designed to assist the advertisi ng industry and SROs in ensuring that women and men continue to be portrayed positively and responsibly in advertising. History - WOMEN IN ADVERTISEMENTS AND BODY IMAGE Authors have also attempted to correlate various demographic variables such as age and education, as well as geographic variables with preferences for role portrayals in advertising. Through the ages men have been considered to be financial providers, career-focused, assertiveRead More Gender Representation in Advertising Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesGender Representation in Advertising The roles of males and females in society have significantly changed, as opposed to the predominant roles in our history. In the modern culture of today, women have begun to break out of the mold that which society has placed her in. This much can’t be said when it comes to modern gender representation in mass media advertising. It can be safe to state that woman are seen as sexual, fragile, exotic—whereas men are portrayed as tough, in control, and aggressiveRead MoreThe Glorification of Violence, Sex and Gender in Advertising1272 Words   |  5 PagesPictures of attractive and charming women have appeared on advertisements for products such as food, alcohol, cigarettes, and many other products. Its no secret that sex sells especially for men; however sex leads to a glorification of rape and violence (595) in the mass media that convey an implicit concept of men overpowering on women. In fact, the typical image of men conquer and women ensnare(594) is glorified in every advertisement, which leads to the normalization and the acceptance of violenceRead MoreFactors That Affect Social Mobility Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagesparents would like to see their children do better than the norm. Gender: Women have continued to face a higher risk of being poor because they bear the major economic and emotional burdens of raising children when they are single heads of households. There is currently gender wage gap between female and male workers, which is linked to the structural functionalistic views of what role each gender is â€Å"suppose† to play. The women should stay at home and raise the children(s), while the man, is looked

Creating An Education System For Education Systems

Creating an education system that is capable of preparing students for the future, education systems need to be configured into a new, more knowledge centered way of learning. Deconstructing established structures and routines in education systems involves several planning and practices coming together in learning and teaching to better reflect the demands of the 21st century world. Personalised learning advocates that educational systems must change from the traditional or industrial age of thinking one size fits all model. Personalised learning is a part of an educational system that surrounds the student as a learner rather than the student requiring to fit in with the system. This type of learning can be seen in a 21st century classroom, as the class using digital technology and using an app called Mathletics which has each students required level of mathematics which could range from low to high, each student works and learns at their own pace, this is in favour of the teacher s tand in front of the class and teach, as students who don’t understand get lost very quickly. Using personalised learning in the classroom helps the teacher to recognise where each students level of comprehension is, each student has a personalised set task to complete. Diversity, equity and inclusion is often referred to as a particular group of learners whom educational success has been harder to achieve than that of other learners (Bolsted et al, 2012) However a 21st century learningShow MoreRelatedEducation Reform Across The World1339 Words   |  6 PagesAs with most things in society, there is never one right way to approach an issue, and education reform across the world is one of the many examples that prove this to be true. Over time, there has been a growing importance on the quality of education across the globe, which is measured through standardized testing. This new way to measure the quality of education students are getting has grown to create high competit ion among the countries as each strives to obtain the highest ranking countryRead MoreOutline and assess the view that the role of education system is to justify and reproduce social inequalities.1070 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Outline and assess the view that the role of education system is to justify and reproduce social inequalities (50) The view that the role of educations system is to justify and reproduce social inequalities is one from a Marxist perspective. They believe that capitalism creates inequality and allows those with wealth to keep theirs. Bowles and Gintis argue that there is a very close relationship between education and work. This is called the correspondence principle. Bowles and Gintis argue thatRead More The Strategies The Meiji Government Used to Achieve Economic Development613 Words   |  3 PagesJapan were the creation of a national public education system and the ratification of the Meiji constitution. Both these aided in stability and thus economic growth. The creation of a national education system aided in creating stability because it indoctrinated youth in the ideas of loyalty, patriotism, and obedience. Japans education system at first stressed free thought and the ideas of individuals exploration of knowledge but by 1890 the education system of Japan became a tool for indoctrinationRead MoreA New Course By Magdalena Kay Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagesglobe utilizes. Through a wide array of variations, countries across the world have developed their own meaning of what higher education is. However, the underlying tone of it all is the same, furthering one’s knowledge. With a vast number of schools from a broad range of locations trying to pull the population in, colleges compete with different tactics ranging from education relevance to evaluation. Consequently, problems have arisen from these approaches, addressed along the lines in an article calledRead MoreKen Robinson s The Current Education System863 Words   |  4 Pages According to Ken Robinson, the current education system has yet to adapt to the modern world and it’s different modes of thinking, creating a stand still in curriculum success that is in desperate need of reform. After explaining how countries around the world want to reform education and carry on legacies, Robinson makes the case that our current education system is out dated. The current system was established during the 18th century during the Industrial Revolution, which was based largely onRead MoreEthical Standards For All Of Humanity1191 Words   |  5 Pagesin most of humanity and culture dictates an area’s ethics and morals. Ethics debates the concept of right and wrong, while recommending actions. Being a branch of philosophy, ethics are purely a matter of opinion. The only system of creating ethical creatures is one of education and thought stimulation. All of humanity needs to traverse through a journey of deep contemplation and introspection; along with sc ientific consideration. The authors Namit Arora and David Foster Wallace, with their essaysRead MoreThe Cost of Tuition Among Colleges and Universities in Highly Diversified and Indefinite926 Words   |  4 Pageswith the high tuition cost for their education because it creates unnecessary stress and financial problems. The student’s primary concern should be their academic performance and learning. The tuition fee includes extracurricular expenses such as lifestyle amenities that may not be essential toward the student education yet they are still being charged for it. Universities and colleges are lacking a stable and regulated tuition system to provide a better education for a reasonable price. The high tuitionRead MoreThe Business Of Amateur Sports1158 Words   |  5 PagesThe Business of Amateur Sports The commercialization of college athletics has created a strain on universities to move beyond simply providing an education in exchange for participation in sports. Proponents of paying athletes fail to understand college is about education. Creating or changing the current system which relies on playing for pride, would create vulnerabilities in how schools recruit, offer scholarships, and create institutions of learning. Students have complained schools have beenRead MoreThe Current Structure Of The America s Educational System954 Words   |  4 PagesIs the current structure of the America’s educational system holding us back from making progress? This topic is a current debate within educational and political circles, yet a solution to America’s educational crisis has not been established. One party feels that schools should be nationally controlled or moved to the private sector and only through aggressive reform can real progress be made. The opposite side of the argument feels we should hold onto America’s traditions, and the constantRead MoreQuality of Education: From Pockets of Excellence to Systemic Change 669 Words   |  3 Pagessurvey recently being released, the success of educational systems around the world has again been brought to the forefront of national discussions. This comparison of what 15 year olds in 65 countries know, mainly in the spheres of mathematics, science and reading is now being used as a leading benchmark to measure the quality of education across nations. For me though this raises a key question that I see as an issue across educational systems of the world. What is the ultimate aim that we are striving

Creative Writing

Question: Discuss about theCreative Writing. Answer: Introduction: Bangladesh is known for its high number of cases that involve rape, the majority of which go unreported or outrightly denied. The interviewer takes the bull by the horns by unearthing the unthinkable and investigating all that unfolding behind the scenes. In the wake of such bizarre deaths and the sudden disappearance of teenage girls, Tania Rashid, an American woman who travels to Bangladesh to carry out an investigation. Such cases as gang rape have become the order of the day in Bangladesh. This female journalist takes to the screens, and she, together with the Vice go for one anothers throats in a session that attracts thousands of viewers. However, there is something particular about the interview. When Tania shoots a question to the Vice broadcaster of the rising cases and how the role of the media has not been of much help to help unearth such cases, the broadcaster loses all that would be described as impartiality. The effects of such bias can hugely be felt and treated as a twofold agendum. According to Tania, and which to some extent fulfils the argument of the public opinion, the media has given this issue and a couple of others, a wide berth. This, for instance, is evident when Rashid takes on the Bangladeshi Police Commander who rubbishes claims that the police had stood in the way of the interview in their pursuit of justice for the victim Rohima. He also refuted the widespread claims that the perpetrator was still roaming the streets. Up to this end, it remains clear that the Vice, in fear of political compromising, did not care to indulge into this weighty matter. Instead, they opted to let the issue go into thin air. Studying the mood in the room, Rashid refuted and disregarded any attempts to wish her questions away. Unfortunately for her, the victim and maybe for other prospective victims, the issue she had raised concerning police ignorance of such weighty matters did not meet the anticipations. To add the insults to the injury, the commander murmured a few words and expressed his chauvinistic attitude toward the lady, a trend that is much common among the Bangladeshi men. It was this fact that got into the nerve of Tania. She out rightly became bias in her expressions. Based on her attire, Rashid makes jokes of her vulnerability to rape, a matter we treated as a means of easing the intense pressure in the room. She then puts a stern caution to men that regardless of what kind of clothes women wear, men should not rape women on the basis of what women wear. It is clear that Rashid is angered by what she sees as the society and the Police in general, neglecting the public safety. Much as Rashid did not achieve her objectives, albeit not instantly, she made her point known and spoke for the vulnerable in society. She did her concluding remarks as a journalist by asking the Police Department to up their game and protect the interests of the common man as this is what they are employed to do. References Dutta, D., Sircar, O. (2013). India's winter of Discontent: Some Feminist Dilemmas in the Wake of a Rape.Feminist Studies,39(1), 293-306. Dreze, J., Khera, R. (2000). Crime, gender, and society in India: Insights from homicide data.Population and development review,26(2), 335-352. News, V. (2016).The 15-Year-Old Girl Who Was Brutally Raped and Burned in India Has Died | VICE News.VICE News. Retrieved 24 August 2016, from https://news.vice.com/article/the-15-year-old-girl-who-was-brutally-raped-and-burned-in-india-has-died Niaz, U. (2003). Violence against women in South Asian countries.Archives of womens mental health,6(3), 173-184.

Replication Crisis in Social Psychology-Samples for Students

Question: Is There a Replication Crisis in Social Psychology? Answer: Introduction Replication is the practice of repeating of research studies in different situations and subject respondents in order to determine the validity of the study. This is a general practice in research carried out in all disciplines. For the research to be deemed authentic, it is expected that the findings remain the same both in the original research and the replicated version. Recent findings in discrepancy in replicated research findings in social psychology have raised concern. This essay will examine if the levels of discrepancy amount to a crisis of replication in the field of social psychology. Analysis Social psychology is the branch of psychology that deals with human conduct in relation to others. Whereas psychology studies the individual and his/her internal attitudes and motivations, social psychology examines how these personal attributes affect an individuals interaction with others in society. This discipline, like other human sciences, deals with human beings and attempts to study the predictability of human nature (Smith et al, 2014). This in itself is complex because human beings behave differently when in a group as opposed to the behavior they depict when they are alone. Social psychology is an amalgam between sociology and psychology; they both study the context of an individual in the context of society. However, the focus of psychology in this regard is the individual whereas sociology mostly focuses on the society (Smith J A, 2015). In a study carried out by Brian Nosek and the Open Science Collaboration, they found out that out of replications of one hundred correlation and experimental studies published in three psychological journals, only 36% were successful (Anderson et al, 2016). They also found out that social psychology findings were less likely to replicate than those of cognitive psychology by half. These and other findings have sparked a worldwide debate as to whether there is a replication crisis in social psychology. This begs the question as to how thorough the researchers are in their study and whether they sufficiently test their tools of research. Research can be faulted either on the authenticity of the research tools and methodologies used or the skill and experience of the researcher (Tailor et al, 2015). Given that these findings were published in recognized journals, it is likely that they were carried out with tried and tested tools and techniques. The failure to replicate might have arise n due to the failure of the researchers to be thorough in their study. Where research is funded, researchers may be swayed by the monetary incentives to complete their research and may, as a result, rush through the process thereby failing to capture happenings that may alter the result of the study (Sorlie et al, 2015). In many countries, the research budget is mostly strained especially where the concerned authorities do not foresee immediate benefit arising from research. For this reason, researchers mostly work on a limited budget and may not afford to do pilot studies which are vital in testing both the research tools and the study population (Denscombe 2015). Failing on these vital steps definitely interferes with the validity of the results achieved. It is noteworthy that the discourse on replication in social psychology has attracted more public attention as opposed to subjects in other fields like biology or economics. In comparison, it has been proven that aspects of validity and reliability have been the pre-occupation of social psychology for comparatively longer periods (Maxwell et al, 2015). This makes research in this field more sophisticated. The attention it attracts from the general public is therefore expected to be more prominent in comparison to other disciplines (Parker et al, 2015). The research designs in the field of psychology have been tested and used for many years and this gives the regular researcher confidence that the tools are perfect. This presumption is likely to blind the researcher from adherence the required procedures and hence overlook faults in the research that may lead to inaccurate results. Contrary to replication debates that have dominated other fields, social psychology replication discourse has roped in such stalwarts in the field like Susan Flake, John Bargh and Carol Dweck among others. The general feeling that the crisis in this field is dire is thus strengthened by the participation of these scholars. Even in the infant stages of psychology, Popper and Freud had sharp contradictions concerning Freuds falsifiable theory. That spirit of open debate persists even today. Psychological research in any of its sub-branches attracts a lot of attention and public debate (Abelson et al, 2014). Even in the media today we have a host of talk shows that host psychologists that debate various issues that affect society. Human conduct in religion politics, business and career among other facets of human life is bound to interest various players in society. It is therefore obvious that faults and discrepancies that appear in its research will generate more debate than any other field in society. The study of social psychology is therefore quite linked to human nature and obviously whatever is published in this regard enjoys curiosity and suffers public scrutiny. Any study that involves human nature can never claim to have 100% replication. This is because human nature is dynamic and keeps changing as newer interests and motivations confront humanity. The study of social psychology is even more interesting in the sense that it studies the role of institutions in society in relation to the behavior of the individual (Sheriff M., 2015). The forces of globalization and modernity have transformed the role of societal institutions radically that studies that conclusions arrived at must be subjected to further scrutiny with the passage of time (McDougall, 2015). The family institution, which is the most important social institution, has drastically changed in its function and structure today. Whereas family has traditionally played the role of socialization and basic education of an individual, today families are increasingly becoming nuclear and their traditional roles have been taken over by the school and media outlets like facebook and the inte rnet in general. This makes the study of the individual in the context of society more complex. An ordinary individual in society is bombarded by more varied forces that span geographical boundaries across the globe. The individual of yester-year had not to worry about such global forces because his life was confined to the extended family which mostly inhabited a common geographical location. It is also important to note that the researchers are also more likely to succumb to the forces of bias when studying fellow human beings. It is not far-fetched to imagine that a researcher may want to achieve a certain response in research to reinforce his preconceived stereotype about people. Although other researchers too are vulnerable to the evils of bias, a social psychologist faces double tragedy of dealing with the bias of both his subject of study and his own. For this reason, the findings of research may not pass the test of replication. These observations point out to the challenges that researchers in the field of psychology generally face either unintended or deliberately. The pressure, especially among young scholars to Publish or perish partly contributes to this crisis. There is need to rethink the aspect of replication and investigate whether the initial findings were faulty or the repeat findings. There is an inherent assumption that when a research is repeated, more thoroughness is exercised in both the research design and the tools employed. However, overconfident budding researchers may ruin authentic findings generated by their fore-runners in an attempt to gain prominence in academia (Smeyers et al, 2014). Critics must examine both the findings with a sober eye so as to gain a more balanced understanding of the situation at hand. In 1998, researchers reported that people were much happier when they held a pen with their teeth. This was depicted when they watched cartoons; they found the cartoons funnier when the pens with their teeth as opposed to them holding it with their lips. The import of this is that the forced smile on the mouth perhaps sent signals to the brain and thereby stimulated hormones of happiness. The article of this research was cited nearly 1500 times according to Google Scholar statistics (Brockmann, et al, 2013). However, repeat experiments involving seventeen labs that were independent in which over two thousand participants took part found out that there was no relationship between the position of the mouth and the state of happiness. The lead author of the original research expressed shock at the findings and raised pertinent concerns including the fact that the participants were filmed during the repeat exercise and their consciousness in being examined may have interfered with their emotions and by extension, the research findings. Such is the volatility of carrying out social research; so many factors affect the final results of the research done. There have also been concerns about the selection process involved in identifying the experiments to be replicated. So far there has not been record of proper random selection process while selecting cases. With the absence of such information, there have arisen fears that the choice of replicated cases was strongly biased against those researches that the involved people thought to least likely to pass the test (Cook, 2014). This thinking even complicates matters and spreads the notion that social psychology research findings cannot be fully trusted. Psychology students and young professionals getting into psychological research are likely to have their morale lowered by these sentiments. Professionals in this field need to take deliberate public education regarding the special circumstances that a social psychological researcher has to work under so that the public at large can appreciate the benefits such scholars bring in our social milieu. Such campaigns could help prospective researchers in this field to increase their efforts at refining their research designs and tools to arrive at findings that are appreciative of the volatile nature of this discipline (Jenkins, 2014). The ongoing discussion does not imply that it is difficult to achieve replication in social psychology. The infamous Milgram experiment that concluded that participants were so loyal to authority that they were willing to electrocute an innocent person on being given orders was replicated a century later. This was despite the research taking place in different contexts of history and participants. First conducted in the early 60s based on the conduct of Nazi underlings, it was repeated in a different context and surprisingly yielded the same results (Begue L., et al, 2015) This proves that social psychological research can be scientific regardless of time lag and contexts. However, it is possible that scholars trying to reproduce the Milgram experiment would achieve different results today. However, the dynamic nature of human beings, which is the subject of all research in social psychology, should not be an excuse for shoddy research by concerned researchers. Every individual who undertakes research should know that he has a duty towards society to exercise professionalism and thoroughness in his research endeavors. Given the interest that the replication debate has generated, it will be prudent for respected researchers in this field to guide future discourse regarding the discipline. They could in this respect establish structures that guide publication of research findings especially in popular journals. This will limit undue criticisms especially from uninformed social media commentators who may have no idea about the possible damage they may cause especially among young researchers in this field. With this in mind, the chaff and the wheat, figuratively speaking, will be distinguished with regard to criticism. Conclusion There is no actual crisis of replication in social science research. The major criticisms that have been observed in research findings stem from the proximity it has to human existence. Although all disciplines study human existence in various contexts, none touches the heart of life like social psychology. As such studies in this field will touch on human attitudes and motivations in relation to the social processes like socialization, marriage, work among others. It is clear to all that the nature of these processes keeps mutating based of factors responsible for human progress. It will therefore be unreasonable to expect research findings about motives on work during the historic era to apply in modern times; nature of work has changed and even social structures taken new shapes. With such understanding, it will become obvious that the replication crisis being observed in social psychology is not unique to the discipline but is prevalent across varied disciplines. References Abelson, R. P., Frey, K. P., Gregg, A. P. (2014).Experiments with people: Revelations from social psychology. Psychology Press. Anderson, C. J., Bahnk, ., Barnett-Cowan, M., Bosco, F. A., Chandler, J., Chartier, C. R., ... Della Penna, N. (2016). Response to comment on estimating the reproducibility of psychological science.Science,351(6277), 1037-1037. Bgue, L., Beauvois, J. L., Courbet, D., Oberl, D., Lepage, J., Duke, A. A. (2015). Personality predicts obedience in a Milgram paradigm.Journal of Personality,83(3), 299-306. Brockmann, H., Delhey, J. (Eds.). (2013).Human Happiness and the Pursuit of Maximization: Is More Always Better?. Springer Science Business Media. Cook, B. G. (2014). A call for examining replication and bias in special education research.Remedial and Special Education,35(4), 233-246. Denscombe, M. (2014).The good research guide: for small-scale social research projects. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Jenkins, R. (2014).Social identity. Routledge. Maxwell, S. E., Lau, M. Y., Howard, G. S. (2015). Is psychology suffering from a replication crisis? What does failure to replicate really mean?.American Psychologist,70(6), 487. McDougall, W. (2015).An introduction to social psychology. Psychology Press. Parker, I., Shotter, J. (Eds.). (2015).Deconstructing social psychology(Vol. 21). Psychology Press. Sherif, M. (2015).Group conflict and co-operation: Their social psychology(Vol. 29). Psychology Press. McDougall, W. (2015).An introduction to social psychology. Psychology Press. Smeyers, P., De Ruyter, D. J., Waghid, Y., Strand, T. (2014). Publish yet perish: On the pitfalls of philosophy of education in an age of impact factors.Studies in Philosophy and Education,33(6), 647-666. Smith, E. R., Mackie, D. M., Claypool, H. M. (2014).Social psychology. Psychology Press. Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015).Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Sorlie, P. D., Sholinsky, P. D., Lauer, M. S. (2015). Reinvestment in Government-Funded Research. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.